长江口以南沿岸海域主要经济贝类的食品卫生质量状况   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑长春  许昆灿 《台湾海峡》1994,(2)

根据1990～1992年的调查资料，结合国内外水产食品中Hg、Cu、Cd、Cr、As、666和DDT的卫生标准，对我国长江口以南沿岸海域16种主要经济贝类的食品卫生质量作初步评价。结果表明，该海域绝大多数主要经济贝类中的Hg、Cu、Cd、Cr、As、666和DDT的含量未超标，其食品卫生质量基本上是良好的。  相似文献   

PCDD, PCDF, PCB and thiamine in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus L.) and sprat [Sprattus sprattus (L.)] as a background to the M74 syndrome of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vuorinen  Pekka J.; Parmanne  Raimo; Vartiainen  Terttu; Keinanen  Marja; Kiviranta  Hannu; Kotovuori  Olli; Halling  Folke 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(3):480-496

  相似文献   

Zero Growth of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Use:China’s Objectives,Progress and Challenges     

JIN Shuqin  ZHOU Fang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(1):50-58

In 2015 China’s Ministry of Agriculture introduced two Actions that seek to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides by 2020. Success in reaching these targets will help control agricultural non-point source pollution, increase cost efficiency, energy conservation and emission reductions, help to ensure the safety and quality of the national grain supply and agricultural products and the safety of the ecological environment, and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. However, successful implementation will be crucial. This article considers the main contents of the Actions and analyzes their feasibility from the perspectives of policy formulation, local practices, technical support and achievements. We identify problems and challenges and suggest that zero growth of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use can be achieved by undertaking basic research on the factors that shape the use of farm chemicals, making improvements to the monitoring and statistical system for chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, setting up demonstration projects and enhancing policies formulated to reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.  相似文献   

Retention of chloride in soil and cycling of organic matter‐bound chlorine     

G. berg  P. Sandn 《水文研究》2005,19(11):2123-2136

Chloride (Cl_inorg) is generally considered to be a hydrologically and chemically inert substance. Past research suggests that Cl_inorg participates in a complex biogeochemical cycle involving the formation of organically bound chlorine (Cl_org). The present study examines whether Cl_org cycling is sufficiently extensive as to influence the geochemical cycling of Cl_inorg. Undisturbed soil cores were collected in a coniferous forest soil in SE Sweden. The cores were stored in climate chambers for three months, irrigated with artificial rain, and the leachate was collected and analysed. The water balance of the lysimeters could be well described, and we found that 20–50% of the chlorine leached from the lysimeters was organically bound and that the amounts lost did not decrease with time. This strongly suggests that a substantial amount of Cl_org forms in topsoil, and that subsequent leaching to deeper layers causes a considerable withdrawal of Cl_inorg. The concentration of both organic carbon and Cl_org in the leachate was considerably higher than concentrations observed in the runoff in the actual catchment, suggesting that organic matter precipitates or is mineralized on its way through the soil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

沈阳郊区表层土壤有机氯农药残留特征及风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

崔 健王晓光  都基众杨 泽 岳明新 李 霄 马宏伟 《中国地质》2014,41(5):1705-1715

利用GC-ECD定量测定了沈阳郊区21个表层土壤样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,并对其残留特征、可能来源及生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中OCPs的检出率达到95.2%,残留量最高值达到111.67 ng·g-1,平均值26.91 ng·g-1,其中以六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)为主。与国内其他城市土壤中OCPs含量相比,沈阳郊区表层土壤HCHs和DDTs残留属于较低水平,但HCB残留属于较高水平。研究区OCPs的来源解析表明OCPs主要来自环境中的早期残留和近期林丹的使用,六氯苯(HCB)的来源还应包括工业生产。相关性分析说明土壤中总有机碳和水溶盐含量是影响OCPs残留的重要因素。生态风险评价显示表层土壤中DDTs类有机氯农药对该区生物可能仍存在生态风险。  相似文献   

南中国海海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量及分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周涛  韩彬  徐亚岩  刘新民  郑立  王小如 《岩矿测试》2014,33(1):90-95

近年来,随着沿海化工生产基地的大量投入运营及海上危险化学品运输业的日益增长,海洋生态环境受到严重威胁,我国海洋环境中持久性有机污染物如有机氯农药及多氯联苯在近海环境中普遍检出。为了对南中国海水体中持久性有机污染物的污染现状有所了解,本文利用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GCECD)对南中国海海水中的15种有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行测定,两类化合物各检出6种。采用外标法进行定量分析,结果显示:调查海域表层海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度范围分别为0~92.30ng/L和1.16~76.24 ng/L,200 m层海水中分别为0~69.85 ng/L和0~49.63 ng/L,500 m层海水中分别为0~56.68 ng/L和0~26.47 ng/L。由此可看出,该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量分布特征大致呈现为:表层200 m层500 m层,原因可能是污染源主要来自周围地表径流或大气输入,且随着时间的推移污染物吸附于悬浮体由表层向下层迁移。与国内外相关海洋环境中有机农药及多氯联苯含量水平相比较,南中国海海水中有机农药和多氯联苯的含量低于国内大部分水域,但高于国外已知海洋水体中的含量。南中国海中有机农药和多氯联苯含量和分布特征的取得为下一步对海洋环境的研究和保护工作提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

食品中有机氯农药和多氯联苯气相色谱-质谱分析的离子化方式          下载免费PDF全文

曹孝文  邹宽  徐丹  沈伟健  练鸿振  葛欣  沈崇钰 《岩矿测试》2013,32(1):22-27

对食品中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法中三种离子化方式,电子轰击电离(EI)、正化学电离(PCI)和负化学电离(NCI)进行了总结和比较。PCI-MS/MS方法和EI-MS/MS方法都有很高的选择性和较高的灵敏度;PCI方法在分析含硝基、羰基等基团的化合物时有明显优势,EI则在分析狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、硫丹及其代谢物时比PCI表现稍好,而NCI-MS的灵敏度最高,但抗干扰能力稍弱,且不适合分析滴滴涕类和多氯联苯类化合物。在食品安全分析中,三种质谱方法的准确性好,精密度高,检测限较低,都能够满足食品中农残检测的要求,在日常检测工作中可互为补充和替代。同时指出,GC在有机氯化合物分析中仍表现出明显的优越性;常规的GC-MS尤其在EI电离模式下,易受到基质干扰而使谱图变得复杂;新型离子化方式包括高选择性化学电离技术的应用,将是食品安全中GC-MS联用分析的发展方向之一。  相似文献   

废弃生产场地有机氯农药的残留与迁移特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蘧丹  姜世中  唐阵武  何洁  程家丽 《岩矿测试》2013,32(4):649-658

我国历史上曾生产和使用了大量的有机氯农药,现存的有机氯农药生产企业场地是污染高风险区.先前的报道多集中在场地内污染特征研究,较少关注场地周边有机氯农药污染及其环境风险性.为了解有机氯农药场地土壤污染水平及其对周边环境的影响,本文以重庆某废弃有机氯农药场地及其周边为研究区域,分析土壤中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)及其降解产物的含量水平,阐明场地内污染特征以及周边土壤的残留规律,评估场地内及周边土壤中有机氯农药污染的人体健康风险.结果表明,场地土壤中∑HCHs的含量水平为3.89 ～ 13385.78 ng/g,低于国内已报道的其他污染场地.∑DDTs的含量水平为22.74 ～ 11186.10 ng/g,与已报道的我国张家口、扬州等地生产场地污染水平相当,但低于邢台、太原和青岛等地农药厂生产场地污染水平.该生产场地土壤中有机氯农药污染的人体致癌风险值均高于可接受的范围,属于重污染区.场地周边400 m范围的土壤中HCHs和DDTs的含量水平虽整体上低于场地内,但污染水平也较高,HCHs污染和DDTs污染的总致癌风险均超过了儿童可接受的限值.随着与生产场地距离的增加,场地周边土壤HCHs和DDTs的含量水平呈幂函数下降的趋势,这同时又表明生产场地有机氯农药仅对场地周边一定范围内的环境产生较大污染.因此,对于生产场地污染不能仅仅关注场地内,还应充分考虑场地周边一定范围内的污染与环境风险性.  相似文献   

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定谷物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨佳佳  佟玲  吴淑琪  阎妮 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):487-494

针对大米、小麦、玉米和黄豆等谷物样品中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)检测的前处理过程较为复杂,消耗溶剂多,易导致部分挥发性化合物损失而影响分析的准确度,本文优化了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)提取大米、小麦、玉米和黄豆等谷物样品中OCPs和PCBs的条件,比较了凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和固相萃取柱(SPE)两种净化方式净化样品的效果,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器实现了样品中17种OCPs和8种PCBs单体的系统分析.结果表明,选择二氯甲烷-丙酮混合溶剂(体积比1∶1),采用ASE萃取,同时加入弗罗里硅土在线净化,可满足样品提取需求;除了黄豆和黑豆等豆制品样品需采用GPC结合SPE的净化方法外,大米、小麦、玉米等大部分谷物样品采用SPE净化即可满足测定需求.采用弗罗里硅土SPE净化,仅用9 mL正己烷-乙酸乙酯淋洗液(体积比1∶1)即可将所有目标物回收,克服了有机试剂用量大、同时使用多种试剂及试剂毒性大的问题.添加低、高两个浓度水平0.69 μg/kg和5.52μg/kg,OCPs和PCBs单体的平均回收率为71.0％ ～ 112.0％,相对标准偏差为3.6％～16.7％(n=7);方法检出限为0.07 ～0.30μg/kg,低于国家标准方法的检出限.该方法净化效率高,操作简单,分析成本较低,适用于大批量谷物样品中多种OCPs和PCBs的快速分析.  相似文献   

A Cloud Point Extraction Approach Developed for Analyzing Pesticides Prometryne and Isoproturon from Multi‐media     

Jian Hua Tan  She Feng Jin  Hong Yang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(5):510-516

A new analytic methodology based on the cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC (CPE‐HPLC) was developed and successfully applied to determination of the pesticides isoproturon (IPU) and prometryne (PRO) from multi‐media (contaminated water, soil, and food vegetable). Several non‐ionic surfactants including poly ethylene glycol 6000 (PEG‐6000), TritonX‐114, and Triton X‐100 were comparatively analyzed as extraction solvents. Other parameters such as surfactant concentration, ionic strength, and equilibration temperature, and duration were also investigated. The optimal conditions for CPE were presented with 2.4% w/v PEG‐6000, 11% w/v Na₂SO₄ and heating assistance at 50°C for 25 min. The calibration curves for the two analytes were linear ranging from 0.001 to 10.0 mg L^?1, with correlation coefficients being 0.99 determined by a HPLC–UV detector. Under the condition, the average recoveries were 85.4–90.6% for water, 84.4–92.7% for soil, and 84.4–92.1% for vegetable. Thus, the method presented here was proved to be rapid, efficient, and green for extraction and determination of isoproturon and prometryne residues from food and multi‐environmental media.  相似文献